<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mirco Nanni</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Andrienko, Gennady</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Barabasi, Albert-Laszlo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Boldrini, Chiara</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bonchi, Francesco</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cattuto, Ciro</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chiaromonte, Francesca</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Comandé, Giovanni</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Conti, Marco</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Coté, Mark</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dignum, Frank</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dignum, Virginia</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Domingo-Ferrer, Josep</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ferragina, Paolo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fosca Giannotti</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Riccardo Guidotti</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Helbing, Dirk</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kaski, Kimmo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kertész, János</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lehmann, Sune</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lepri, Bruno</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lukowicz, Paul</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Matwin, Stan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jiménez, David Megías</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Anna Monreale</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Morik, Katharina</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oliver, Nuria</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Passarella, Andrea</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Passerini, Andrea</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dino Pedreschi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pentland, Alex</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pianesi, Fabio</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Francesca Pratesi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">S Rinzivillo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Salvatore Ruggieri</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Siebes, Arno</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Torra, Vicenc</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Roberto Trasarti</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hoven, Jeroen van den</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vespignani, Alessandro</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Give more data, awareness and control to individual citizens, and they will help COVID-19 containment</style></title><short-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ethics and Information Technology</style></short-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2021</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2021/02/02</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10676-020-09572-w</style></url></web-urls></urls><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1572-8439</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The rapid dynamics of COVID-19 calls for quick and effective tracking of virus transmission chains and early detection of outbreaks, especially in the “phase 2” of the pandemic, when lockdown and other restriction measures are progressively withdrawn, in order to avoid or minimize contagion resurgence. For this purpose, contact-tracing apps are being proposed for large scale adoption by many countries. A centralized approach, where data sensed by the app are all sent to a nation-wide server, raises concerns about citizens’ privacy and needlessly strong digital surveillance, thus alerting us to the need to minimize personal data collection and avoiding location tracking. We advocate the conceptual advantage of a decentralized approach, where both contact and location data are collected exclusively in individual citizens’ “personal data stores”, to be shared separately and selectively (e.g., with a backend system, but possibly also with other citizens), voluntarily, only when the citizen has tested positive for COVID-19, and with a privacy preserving level of granularity. This approach better protects the personal sphere of citizens and affords multiple benefits: it allows for detailed information gathering for infected people in a privacy-preserving fashion; and, in turn this enables both contact tracing, and, the early detection of outbreak hotspots on more finely-granulated geographic scale. The decentralized approach is also scalable to large populations, in that only the data of positive patients need be handled at a central level. Our recommendation is two-fold. First to extend existing decentralized architectures with a light touch, in order to manage the collection of location data locally on the device, and allow the user to share spatio-temporal aggregates—if and when they want and for specific aims—with health authorities, for instance. Second, we favour a longer-term pursuit of realizing a Personal Data Store vision, giving users the opportunity to contribute to collective good in the measure they want, enhancing self-awareness, and cultivating collective efforts for rebuilding society.</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Paolo Cintia</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Daniele Fadda</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fosca Giannotti</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Luca Pappalardo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Giulio Rossetti</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dino Pedreschi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">S Rinzivillo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bonato, Pietro</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fabbri, Francesco</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Penone, Francesco</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Savarese, Marcello</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Checchi, Daniele</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chiaromonte, Francesca</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vineis , Paolo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Guzzetta, Giorgio</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Riccardo, Flavia</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Marziano, Valentina</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Poletti, Piero</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Trentini, Filippo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bella, Antonio</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Andrianou, Xanthi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Del Manso, Martina</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fabiani, Massimo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bellino, Stefania</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Boros, Stefano</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mateo Urdiales, Alberto</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vescio, Maria Fenicia</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Brusaferro, Silvio</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rezza, Giovanni</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pezzotti, Patrizio</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ajelli, Marco</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Merler, Stefano</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The relationship between human mobility and viral transmissibility during the COVID-19 epidemics in Italy</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">arXiv preprint arXiv:2006.03141</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://arxiv.org/abs/2006.03141</style></url></web-urls></urls><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">We describe in this report our studies to understand the relationship between human mobility and the spreading of COVID-19, as an aid to manage the restart of the social and economic activities after the lockdown and monitor the epidemics in the coming weeks and months. We compare the evolution (from January to May 2020) of the daily mobility flows in Italy, measured by means of nation-wide mobile phone data, and the evolution of transmissibility, measured by the net reproduction number, i.e., the mean number of secondary infections generated by one primary infector in the presence of control interventions and human behavioural adaptations. We find a striking relationship between the negative variation of mobility flows and the net reproduction number, in all Italian regions, between March 11th and March 18th, when the country entered the lockdown. This observation allows us to quantify the time needed to &quot;switch off&quot; the country mobility (one week) and the time required to bring the net reproduction number below 1 (one week). A reasonably simple regression model provides evidence that the net reproduction number is correlated with a region's incoming, outgoing and internal mobility. We also find a strong relationship between the number of days above the epidemic threshold before the mobility flows reduce significantly as an effect of lockdowns, and the total number of confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infections per 100k inhabitants, thus indirectly showing the effectiveness of the lockdown and the other non-pharmaceutical interventions in the containment of the contagion. Our study demonstrates the value of &quot;big&quot; mobility data to the monitoring of key epidemic indicators to inform choices as the epidemics unfolds in the coming months.</style></abstract></record></records></xml>